Our rating model

Total SPOFs counts concrete control planes only: one operator/path, one small committee, one multisig, one validator committee, or one mandatory external subsystem that can independently affect liveness, ordering, upgrades, withdrawals, or settlement.

Our Rating aggregates: counted SPOFs, Nakamoto-style validator concentration for L1s, L2BEAT-style L2 risks, upgrade/admin power, DA/proof/bridge dependence, and source confidence. Related roles in the same control plane are counted once. Soft-risk bars show risks that matter but do not qualify as standalone SPOFs.

Notes: Scores focus on visible control-plane risks: sequencers, validator concentration, upgrade/admin paths, data availability dependencies, and bridge/settlement dependencies. This is a SPOF lens, not a full security ranking.