Our rating model

Total SPOFs counts concrete control planes only: one operator/path, one small committee, one multisig, one validator committee, or one mandatory external subsystem that can independently affect liveness, ordering, upgrades, withdrawals, or settlement.

Our Rating aggregates: counted SPOFs, Nakamoto-style validator concentration for L1s, L2BEAT-style L2 risks, upgrade/admin power, DA/proof/bridge dependence, and source confidence. Related roles in the same control plane are counted once. Soft-risk bars show risks that matter but do not qualify as standalone SPOFs.